食品安全信息标签猪肉的消费偏好与生产意愿差异研究北大核心CSCD

食品安全信息标签是传递食品信息的重要工具,研究生产者和消费者对具有不同信息标签食品的供求差异,对保障食品安全具有重要意义。本文构建了食品安全信息标签所包含的四种不同信息属性及相应层次,以猪肉为例,利用浙江省生猪养殖户和猪肉消费者的调查数据,运用选择实验法,借助随机参数Logit模型实证分析养殖户与消费者对具有不同食品安全信息标签猪肉的生产意愿和消费偏好的差异,探讨养殖户对不同食品安全信息标签的实际采纳行为和消费者对相应标签的支付意愿。结果表明,在产地、合格证、可追溯和认证四类信息属性中,除认证信息外,消费者更偏好可追溯信息,而养殖户更愿意提供产地信息。尽管养殖户对提供认证信息表现出较为强烈的意愿,但实际生产中的采纳率仅为1.81%。消费者偏好包含更高层次食品安全信息标签的猪肉,对委托检验合格的合格证具有更高的偏好,但养殖户的生产意愿却为负。消费者对自检合格的合格证的支付意愿仅为1.385元/kg,但愿意为追溯到养殖环节的可追溯信息支付超过20%的溢价,然而在实际生产中,养殖户对可追溯信息的采纳率不足10%。因此,养殖户要加大对信息层次更丰富的食品安全信息标签的使用,市场和政府应增加对养殖户参与可追溯体系、开具合格证的激励,加强对养殖户的教育培训。     

“A living street and not just green”: Exploring public preferences and concerns regarding nature-based solution implementation in urban streetscapes

Leveraging the benefits offered by nature-based solutions (NBS) will be vital in addressing present and future environmental and social challenges as urban densification continues to exert pressure on cities. The greening of urban streets, in particular, provides many benefits in terms of livability, health, and biodiversity. While many studies have explored the suitability of NBS in a particular context considering the benefits they provide in relation to local environmental challenges (e.g. filtering the air in areas with high pollution, absorbing water in areas prone to flooding), this study focuses on residents’ perspectives on and their demand for NBS. This is particularly relevant given the importance of public acceptance of NBS measures for their success. The research presented in this paper is based on a mixed-methods study, combining an online survey and eight focus group interviews, which aimed to better understand which types of NBS people prefer, how much and what types of street space they are willing to exchange for street greening, and the opportunities and concerns they have regarding varying degrees of street greening. Findings suggest that respondents are overwhelmingly in favor of greening their street with NBS, yet preferred NBS and opinions on where to implement them vary among participants. Further, street greening was thought to come up against other understandings of how streets should be used and for what purpose. These considerations should be taken up by planners to improve the uptake of NBS.     

The advantage of mobile technologies in crowdsourcing landscape preferences: Testing a mobile app to inform planning decisions

Urban green spaces are vital for cities to achieve sustainability. Optimal design and management of green space is necessary to counter pressure from increased use due to urban densification and therefore needs to account for the preferences of its potential users. However, preference is inherently subjective and difficult to measure. This study tested a crowdsourcing method using a mobile app for on-site data collection to study the use of, perception of, and preferences for different green configurations in the Rembrandtpark, a large urban park in Amsterdam. Responses obtained through the mobile app were compared to those obtained through more traditional on-site and postal surveys to identify differences in sampled population and results. We found clear differences in respondent samples and in stated preferences when comparing the mobile app and the traditional survey methods. Mobile app respondents (n = 154) were younger and more willing to become more involved with park management. They were also less satisfied with most aspects of locations and found them more noisy. On-site survey respondents (n = 146) appeared more susceptible to response bias in their answers to certain questions. Employing different recruitment methods is important to engage different park user types and account for multiple perceptions.     

Urban residents value multi-functional urban greenspaces

Urban greenspaces are multifunctional spaces, providing services to people and biodiversity. With space in urban areas being limited creation and maintenance of urban greenspaces relies on understanding the preferences of urban residents for their characteristics. Such preferences are expected to vary with current availability, and the availability of alternatives to greenspaces such as gardens or gyms. We carried out a nationwide discrete choice experiment with Scottish urban residents to estimate values associated with greenspace attributes of: recreational features; plants and natural features; trees; accessibility; time to walk from home and size, to test the hypotheses that: (i) people are willing to pay to maintain greenspace, (ii) people have willingness to pay for greenspaces with multiple functions, including features for direct use (e.g. play equipment) and biodiversity (e.g. wildflowers), (iii) willingness to pay for individual greenspace will vary according to socioeconomic characteristics and (iv) vary with the amount of greenspace or substitute facilities available. We find a positive willingness to pay to maintain greenspace in general, and higher willingness to pay for larger greenspaces closer to home, which are multifunctional and contain both direct use features (e.g. children’s play park) and biodiversity features. Although we find significant heterogeneity in willingness to pay for maintaining greenspace, this is not well explained by either socioeconomic characteristics or the availability of substitute facilities. Our results have relevance for urban natural capital accounting, and demonstrate to urban planners the importance of the design and maintenance of multi-functional greenspaces for urban populations and would benefit from future research that further explores heterogeneity, including perceptions of greenspace access and substitutes, and greenspace quality.